Source: UN Comtrade (comtradeapi.un.org). Prepared by Jia-Shen Tsai, Niskanen Center. Values in current USD.
EU CBAM & U.S. Hard-to-Abate Trade Monitor
Tracking bilateral trade in hard-to-abate sectors (iron & steel, aluminum, cement) to identify which countries face the greatest exposure to the EU's carbon tariff. Data: UN Comtrade, 2019–2023.
The EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), fully operative
from 2026, levies a carbon price on imports of iron & steel, aluminum, and
cement based on the embedded carbon intensity of production. Countries with large
export shares to the EU in these sectors face the highest compliance burden.
Top partners are the union of top-5 by trade value in each year (2019-2023), capturing
countries whose share shifted over time. All others are grouped as "Other."
Hover a bar segment to trace that partner's share over time.
U.S. bilateral trade in the same hard-to-abate sectors targeted by CBAM. While the
U.S. operates outside of CBAM, this view provides a comparison of trade patterns and
may inform U.S. trade and climate policy discussions. Top partners are the union of
top-5 by trade value in each year (2019-2023), capturing countries whose share shifted
over time. All others are grouped as "Other." Hover a bar segment to
trace that partner's share over time.
Source: UN Comtrade (comtradeapi.un.org). Prepared by Jia-Shen Tsai, Niskanen Center. Values in current USD.